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Area-Efficient Post-Processing Circuits for Physically Unclonable Function with 2-Mpixel CMOS Image Sensor.

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Summary

This study introduces a challenge-response (CR) device authentication method using a CMOS image sensor (CIS) as a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF). This approach enhances image information security at the data source with a low authentication error rate.

Keywords:
CMOS image sensorsIoTPUFdevice authenticationhardware securityimagingintegrated circuit reliability

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Area of Science:

  • * Integrated circuit security and hardware security modules.
  • * Applied cryptography and device authentication.
  • * Solid-state device physics and semiconductor technology.

Background:

  • * The increasing need for robust image information security necessitates secure authentication methods at the data source.
  • * Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer a promising hardware-based security solution by leveraging inherent device variations.
  • * Existing PUF implementations often face challenges in achieving high authentication counts and resistance to modeling attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the feasibility of using a 2 Megapixel CMOS image sensor (CIS) as a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) for challenge-response (CR) device authentication.
  • * To evaluate the performance of a CIS PUF in terms of authentication capacity and error rates.
  • * To assess the hardware overhead associated with implementing CIS PUF authentication.

Main Methods:

  • * Utilized the inherent transistor variations within the pixel array of a 2 Mpixel CMOS image sensor (CIS) to create a PUF.
  • * Implemented challenge-response (CR) authentication protocols, with each CR pair designed for single use to prevent modeling attacks.
  • * Employed basic post-processing for PUF ID generation and advanced post-processing with Lehmer encoding for increased authentication instances.
  • * Designed and simulated the post-processing circuits using Verilog HDL.

Main Results:

  • * The CIS PUF supports 4050 authentications with basic post-processing and up to 14,858 authentications with advanced post-processing using Lehmer encoding.
  • * Achieved a highly accurate authentication with an error rate below 0.001 parts per million (ppm).
  • * The area overhead for basic and advanced post-processing circuits on the CIS chip is minimal, at 1% and 2%, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • * CMOS image sensors can be effectively utilized as Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) for secure challenge-response device authentication.
  • * The proposed CIS PUF method provides a high number of authentications with exceptional accuracy and minimal hardware overhead.
  • * This approach offers a practical and efficient solution for enhancing image information security at the data source.