Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

506
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
506
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.8K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
2.8K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

142
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
142

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gelatin-Polyvinyl Alcohol Microspheres for Controlled and Sustained Release of BMP-2 and VEGF Enhance Osteogenic and Angiogenic Cell Differentiation.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Living Tissues by Design: The Rise of Hybrid Models in Biofabrication.

Journal of functional biomaterials·2026
Same author

Cyclo-(His-Phe) Complexes with Copper and Zinc Nanoparticles Have Antimicrobial Properties and Targeted Anticancer Potential Against Osteosarcoma Cells.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

Controlling the Bioprinting Efficiency of Alginate-Gelatin by Varying Hydroxyapatite Concentrations to Fabricate Bioinks for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Polymers·2026
Same author

Effect of Sulfated Polysaccharides and Laponite in Composite Porous Scaffolds on Osteogenesis.

Biomolecules·2026
Same author

Electrically conductive and mechanoactive scaffolds synergistically enhance osteogenic cell responses under mechanical stimulation.

Biomaterials science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices
10:43

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices

Published on: November 5, 2016

9.2K

Responsive Quaternized PDMAEMA Copolymers with Antimicrobial Action.

Theodore Manouras1,2, Varvara Platania2, Anthie Georgopoulou2

  • 1Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece.

Polymers
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partially quaternized poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PQDMAEMA) copolymers exhibit antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. These polymers disrupt bacterial cell membranes, offering potential as novel antibacterial agents.

Keywords:
E. coliMBCMICPDMAEMAS. aureusantimicrobial polymersminimum bactericidal concentrationminimum inhibitory concentrationquaternization

More Related Videos

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

14.2K
Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications
08:08

Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications

Published on: August 4, 2018

22.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices
10:43

High-throughput Identification of Bacteria Repellent Polymers for Medical Devices

Published on: November 5, 2016

9.2K
Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions
10:53

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by π-π Stacking Interactions

Published on: October 10, 2016

14.2K
Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications
08:08

Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications

Published on: August 4, 2018

22.4K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Antimicrobial Agents
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) is a thermo-responsive polymer with potential applications in drug delivery and biomaterials.
  • Modifying PDMAEMA with quaternary ammonium salt moieties can impart antimicrobial properties.
  • Understanding the structure-activity relationship of quaternized polymers is crucial for developing effective antimicrobial agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize partially quaternized PDMAEMA (PQDMAEMA) copolymers with varying alkyl halides.
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of PQDMAEMA copolymers against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of antibacterial action of PQDMAEMA copolymers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PDMAEMA via group transfer polymerization.
  • Quaternization of PDMAEMA using bromoethane, iodoethane, bromohexane, and bromoethanol.
  • Characterization using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Antimicrobial activity assessment by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC).
  • Mechanism of action studies including zeta potential measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and protein leakage assays.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized PQDMAEMA copolymers with low degrees of quaternization (~10 mol%) while retaining thermo-responsive properties.
  • PQDMAEMA copolymers demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus, with varying efficacy depending on the quaternizing agent.
  • MIC and MBC values for PQDMAEMA copolymers were substantially lower than those for the precursor PDMAEMA homopolymer.
  • Mechanism studies indicated that PQDMAEMA copolymers disrupt bacterial outer membranes, leading to protein leakage.

Conclusions:

  • Lightly quaternized PDMAEMA copolymers are effective antimicrobial agents against common bacterial pathogens.
  • The observed antibacterial activity is attributed to the disruption of bacterial cell membranes.
  • These findings suggest that PQDMAEMA copolymers hold promise as novel antimicrobial materials.