High Q Resonant Sb₂S₃-Lithium Niobate Metasurface for Active Nanophotonics

Phase change materials (PCMs) are attracting more and more attentions as enabling materials for tunable nanophotonics. They can be processed into functional photonic devices through customized laser writing, providing great flexibility for fabrication and reconfiguration. Lithium Niobate (LN) has excellent nonlinear and electro-optical properties, but is difficult to process, which limits its application in nanophotonic devices. In this paper, we combine the emerging low-loss phase change material Sb2S3 with LN and propose a new type of high Q resonant metasurface. Simulation results show that the Sb2S3-LN metasurface has extremely narrow linewidth of 0.096 nm and high quality (Q) factor of 15,964. With LN as the waveguide layer, strong nonlinear properties are observed in the hybrid metasurface, which can be employed for optical switches and isolators. By adding a pair of Au electrodes on both sides of the LN, we can realize dynamic electro-optical control of the resonant metasurface. The ultra-low loss of Sb2S3, and its combination with LN, makes it possible to realize a new family of high Q resonant metasurfaces for actively tunable nanophotonic devices with widespread applications including optical switching, light modulation, dynamic beam steering, optical phased array and so on.