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Large-vessel vasculitis in graft-versus-host disease: a case report
Anmar Al-Heilfi1, Champa Nataraja2, Helen Cooley2
1Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia. ANMAR2206@OUTLOOK.COM.
Journal of Medical Case Reports
|September 28, 2021
Summary
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) post-transplant can rarely cause large-vessel vasculitis. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent severe vascular complications like stroke.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Immunology
- Vascular Medicine
Background:
- Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies.
- GVHD typically presents with diverse symptoms, often mimicking autoimmune diseases.
- Vascular involvement, specifically vasculitis, is an exceptionally rare manifestation of GVHD.
Observation:
- A 59-year-old male with follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell transformation developed GVHD after allogeneic SCT.
- The patient experienced neurological complications, including foot drop.
- The patient subsequently developed large-vessel vasculitis.
Findings:
- This case highlights a rare association between GVHD and large-vessel vasculitis.
- Neurological sequelae such as foot drop can occur secondary to vasculitis.
- Large-vessel vasculitis in GVHD poses risks of arterial aneurysms, dissections, and stroke.
Implications:
- Timely diagnosis and management of GVHD-induced vasculitis are essential.
- Prompt treatment can mitigate severe vascular complications and improve patient outcomes.
- Increased awareness of this rare immunological complication is needed in clinical practice.
