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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Van der Waals Interactions

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

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Published on: July 3, 2015

Ferromagnetism in 2D Vanadium Diselenide.

Xiong Wang¹, Dian Li¹, Zejun Li²

¹Physics Department, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China.

|September 28, 2021

Summary

Room temperature ferromagnetism was discovered in two-dimensional (2D) vanadium diselenide (VSe2), a material exhibiting magnetic properties unique to its 2D form. This finding advances miniature spintronics and data storage technologies.

Keywords:

2D magnet 2D semiconductor low dimensional ferromagnetism magnetic circular dichroism microscopy structural anisotropy vanadium diselenide

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Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

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Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

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Published on: July 5, 2019

Atomic Layer Deposition of Vanadium Dioxide and a Temperature-dependent Optical Model

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Published on: May 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals ferromagnets are crucial for developing miniature spintronics and data storage.
Existing 2D ferromagnets derive their magnetic properties from their bulk counterparts.
There is a need for 2D magnetic materials with unique properties at the nanoscale.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the discovery of a novel 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor.
To investigate the magnetic properties of 2H-phase vanadium diselenide (VSe2) in its two-dimensional form.
To explore the potential of VSe2 for spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

Experimental synthesis and characterization of 2H-phase VSe2.
Magnetic property measurements at room temperature.
Structural analysis to understand magnetic ordering.

Main Results:

2H-phase VSe2 exhibits ferromagnetism exclusively in its 2D form, unlike its bulk ancestor.
The material functions as a 2D ferromagnetic semiconductor at room temperature.
Enhanced magnetic ordering was observed due to structural anisotropy in the 2D form.

Conclusions:

2D VSe2 is a unique room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor.
Its magnetic properties are intrinsic to the 2D structure, offering new possibilities for spintronics.
Structural anisotropy in 2D VSe2 enhances its magnetic ordering, paving the way for advanced devices.