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Acute, subacute and chronic mountain sickness.

E Garrido1, J Botella de Maglia2, O Castillo3

  • 1Servicio de Hipobaria y Fisiología Biomédica, Universidad de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Estudios de Medicina de Montaña (IEMM), Barcelona, Spain.

Revista Clinica Espanola
|September 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Acute mountain sickness affects millions annually due to high altitude. This review covers prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for acute, subacute, and chronic mountain sickness, crucial for survival in hypobaric hypoxia environments.

Keywords:
AltitudAltitudeEnfermedad de mongeHipertensión pulmonarHipoxiaHypoxiaMal de montañaMonge’s diseaseMontañismo.Mountain sicknessMountaineering.Pulmonary hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Altitude Medicine
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Hypoxia Research

Background:

  • Over 100 million ascend to high altitudes yearly.
  • 10-85% experience acute mountain sickness (AMS) below 5500m.
  • 140 million live at high altitudes, with up to 10% developing subacute (high-altitude pulmonary hypertension) or chronic (Monge's disease) forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review general concepts of AMS, high-altitude pulmonary hypertension, and Monge's disease.
  • To highlight the incapacitating and life-threatening potential of these altitude-related illnesses.
  • To emphasize the importance of proper management in high-mountain environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of high-altitude illnesses.
  • Synthesis of clinical concepts for three variants of mountain sickness.
  • Focus on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Acute mountain sickness is common at nonextreme altitudes (<5500m).
  • Subacute and chronic forms affect permanent high-altitude residents.
  • These conditions can lead to severe complications and mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and managing altitude-related illnesses is critical.
  • Effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are essential for individuals in high-mountain environments.
  • This review provides foundational knowledge for addressing hypobaric hypoxia-induced diseases.