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Neuronal Cascades Shape Whole-Brain Functional Dynamics at Rest.

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Neuronal cascades drive spontaneous brain activity at rest. These cascades create bursts of coordinated brain region activity, explaining the complex functional connectivity (FC) dynamics observed in resting-state networks (RSNs).

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Mammalian brains exhibit complex spatiotemporal dynamics at rest, characterized by recurrent functional connectivity (FC) states on a timescale of tens of seconds.
  • Understanding the mechanisms underlying these resting-state dynamics (RSNs) is crucial for distinguishing healthy and pathological brain function, yet remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify neuronal cascades as a potential mechanism driving large-scale spontaneous brain activity at rest.
  • To investigate the role of neuronal cascades in shaping resting-state network (RSN) dynamics and functional connectivity (FC).

Main Methods:

  • Full-brain network modeling using a detailed structural connectome to simulate neuronal population activity and cascades.
  • Experimental validation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in mice and humans, including simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)/fMRI recordings.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal cascades of firing rate fluctuations were shown to emerge at the same timescale as RSNs.
  • The largest cascades generated bursts of blood oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) co-fluctuations, significantly influencing simulated RSN dynamics.
  • Experimental data confirmed intermittent epochs of FC with BOLD co-activation (CA) bursts and provided evidence for the leading role of neuronal cascades in humans.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal cascades are a key mechanism underlying spontaneous fluctuations in brain dynamics at rest.
  • These cascades directly shape the observed functional connectivity states and RSNs in mammalian brains.
  • The findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the complex temporal evolution of brain activity during resting states.