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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
9.9K
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

17.0K
For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
17.0K
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

13.0K
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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Two polymorphs of [Rh(μ-I)(COD)]2.

David R Ullery1, Curtis E Moore1, Christine M Thomas1

  • 1100 W. 18<sup>th</sup> Ave., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic Communications
|September 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Two polymorphs of di-μ-iodido-bis-{[(1,2,5,6-η)-cyclo-octa-1,4-diene]rhodium(I)} were identified. Their distinct solid-state structures reveal significant differences in the rhodium-iodide core geometry.

Keywords:
crystal structuredimerpolymorphrhodium

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Organometallic chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Di-μ-iodido-bis-{[(1,2,5,6-η)-cyclo-octa-1,4-diene]rhodium(I)}, denoted as [Rh(μ-I)(COD)]2, is an organometallic compound featuring rhodium-iodide dimers.
  • Polymorphism, the ability of a compound to exist in multiple crystalline forms, can significantly influence material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine and compare the solid-state structures of two distinct polymorphs of [Rh(μ-I)(COD)]2.
  • To analyze the differences in molecular geometry, particularly the rhodium-iodide core, between the identified polymorphs.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze two crystals with different morphologies.
  • The crystallographic data were used to elucidate the three-dimensional structures and molecular geometries of the [Rh(μ-I)(COD)]2 polymorphs.

Main Results:

  • Two monoclinic polymorphs of [Rh(μ-I)(COD)]2 were identified, each containing Rh dimers with C2v symmetry.
  • Significant differences were observed in the core geometry of the butterfly-shaped Rh2I2 unit between the polymorphs.
  • The C2/c polymorph exhibited a bent core (hinge angle 96.13°) with a Rh-Rh distance of 2.9612 Å, while the P21/c polymorph showed a more planar core (hinge angle 145.69°) with a Rh-Rh distance of 3.7646 Å.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized two polymorphs of [Rh(μ-I)(COD)]2, highlighting structural diversity within the same chemical formula.
  • The observed variations in the Rh2I2 core geometry underscore the impact of crystal packing and morphology on molecular structure in the solid state.