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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Progress in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Beyond.

Yong An1, Xue Han1, Yuyang Liu1

  • 1Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer safer, high-performance lithium-ion batteries but face challenges like low ionic conductivity. This review details mechanisms and strategies to overcome these hurdles for practical application.

Keywords:
interfacial impedanceinterfacial stabilityionic conductivitylithium-ion batteriessolid-state polymer electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are attractive for lithium-ion batteries due to safety and stability.
  • Current SPEs suffer from low ionic conductivity, poor interfacial contact, and limited Li metal stability.
  • Commercialization of SPEs is hindered by these performance limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review recent advancements in SPEs for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
  • To focus on the underlying mechanisms hindering SPE performance.
  • To propose strategies for improving SPEs and enabling Li metal battery applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on solid-state polymer electrolytes.
  • Analysis of mechanisms affecting ionic conductivity and interfacial stability.
  • Identification and summarization of improvement strategies for SPEs.

Main Results:

  • SPEs offer advantages like non-leakage, low flammability, and thermal stability.
  • Key challenges include low ionic conductivity, low Li+ transference number, and poor electrode interfaces.
  • Strategies for enhancing electrochemical performance and Li metal stability are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming current limitations in SPEs is crucial for developing safe, high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
  • Further research into mechanisms and targeted strategies can accelerate SPE commercialization.
  • This review provides insights for future development of advanced SPEs.