Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 18, 2025
Porcine As a Training Module for Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstruction
Published on: September 29, 2018
Multiple Sequential Free Flap Reconstructions of the Head and Neck: A Single-Center Experience
Julius Moratin1, Dominik Horn1, Maleen Heinemann1
1From the Departments of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, University of Heidelberg and Saarland University.
Background:
Free flap reconstruction is the standard of care in extensive defects of the head and neck area, and although most patients may be treated sufficiently with one flap, recurrence of a malignant tumor or failure of a previous reconstruction may make the use of a second (or more) flap necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications and success rates of multiple consecutive reconstructive procedures in a large cohort of patients.
Methods:
Nine hundred ninety-six free flap reconstructions were retrospectively analyzed and cases of sequential reconstructions in the same patient were identified. Indications, success rates, perioperative procedures, and frequently used flaps were evaluated.
Results:
Two hundred twenty cases of sequential microvascular reconstructions were identified, ranging from two to six flaps per patient. The overall flap success rate was 89.1 percent. A history of diabetes was identified as a risk factor for flap failure (p = 0.029). There was no association of flap loss with the number of reconstructive procedures per patient.
Conclusions:
The use of several free flaps in the same patient is a feasible option for patients suffering from recurrent tumors or to improve quality of life by a secondary reconstruction. A salvage free flap transfer to replace a lost transplant exhibits good success rates.
Clinical Question/Level Of Evidence:
Therapeutic, IV.
