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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Published on: March 14, 2017

Smartphone as a tool for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunction.

Yessa Vervloet Bertollo Lamego Rautha¹, Luis Eduardo Morato Rebouças de Carvalho², Marcelo Francisco Gaal Vadas²

¹Setor de Estrabismo, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

|September 29, 2021

Summary

This study presents a simple smartphone method for evaluating oblique muscle dysfunctions in vertical strabismus. The technique proved reproducible and reliable, offering improved measurement consistency.

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Strabismus Research
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Oblique muscle dysfunctions are a common cause of vertical strabismus.
Accurate assessment of these dysfunctions is crucial for effective treatment planning.
Current methods for evaluating oblique muscle function can be complex and less accessible.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a straightforward, accessible, and dependable method for assessing oblique muscle dysfunctions.
To validate the use of smartphone technology in ophthalmological diagnostics.
To enhance the consistency and reliability of strabismus measurements.

Main Methods:

Utilized the photograph rotation tool in the iPhone PHOTO app for image analysis.
75 examiners evaluated 22 patient photographs across four defined positions.
Scored superior and inferior oblique muscle function (hypofunction, normal, hyperfunction) using pre- and post-edited images.
Compared smartphone-derived scores with those from trained strabismus screening personnel.

Main Results:

Edited photographs generally yielded lower mean scores compared to unedited ones.
Significant similarities were observed between edited scores and initial scores for patients with no oblique dysfunction or right superior oblique hyperfunction (p<0.05, p<0.01).
Similar high consistency was found for patients with oblique hypofunctions and right inferior oblique hyperfunction (p<0.01).

Conclusions:

The proposed smartphone-based method is reproducible, accessible, and reliable for evaluating oblique muscle function.
This technique offers improved consistency in the measurement of vertical strabismus.
Smartphone technology presents a viable tool for clinical ophthalmological assessments.