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Leveraging publicly available coronavirus data to identify new therapeutic targets for COVID-19

Stacy L Sell1, Donald S Prough1, Harris A Weisz1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America.

Plos One
|September 29, 2021
PubMed

Insights

This study explores host factors in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection, revealing how they aid viral replication and immune evasion. Understanding these factors is crucial for addressing severe disease and long-term effects.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, with many unanswered questions about asymptomatic transmission, disease variability, and long-term effects.
  • Understanding the host-pathogen interactions is critical for developing effective countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of host factors in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.
  • To identify host factors involved in immune suppression and viral replication.
  • To explore potential links between host factors and COVID-19-related organ dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of four coronavirus datasets (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2).
  • Comparative analysis to identify conserved and unique host factors across different coronaviruses.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of diverse host factors coopted by coronaviruses.
  • Identified host factors facilitate suppression of innate immunity and viral replication.
  • Demonstrated subversion and/or evasion of antiviral immune surveillance by these host factors.

Conclusions:

  • Host factors play a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics and pathogenesis.
  • These factors are implicated in the high transmissibility of asymptomatic individuals and disease severity.
  • Further research into these host factors is essential for understanding and treating COVID-19, including its neurological and multi-organ effects.

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