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A Comprehensive Procedure to Evaluate the In Vivo Performance of Cancer Nanomedicines
Published on: March 4, 2017
Nanocarriers for Anticancer Drug Targeting: Recent Trends and Challenges
Sunita Dahiya1, Rajiv Dahiya2, Eliud Hernández1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, Puerto Rico, USA.
Abstract:
Nanocarriers are nanostructured vehicles employed to deliver anticancer drugs to the targeted tumor sites in the body. Nanocarriers have been successfully employed to circumvent certain limitations of conventional anticancer drug delivery while providing greater bioavailability, prolonged circulation time and higher tumor accumulation for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment. Nanocarriers are also responsive to functionalization to tailor their pharmaco-kinetics and achieve enhanced therapeutic outcomes in cancer therapy. Among organic, inorganic and hybrid type, several nanocarriers have gained approval for use in cancer patients, while many more are under clinical development. For the last two decades, cancer immunotherapy-based advanced targeting approaches such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors that utilize human immune system functions have vastly developed which furnish better treatment options in several intractable cancers compared with traditional cancer therapies. This review discusses the imperative role of tumor vasculature in passive and active targeting of anticancer drugs using organic and inorganic nanocarriers and the current research efforts underway. The advanced targeting approaches for treatment of various cancers and their most recent clinical development scenario have been comprehensively explored. Further, potential challenges associated with each type of nanocarrier, and their translational obstacles are addressed.
Insights
Nanocarriers enhance cancer drug delivery by targeting tumors, improving treatment outcomes. This review explores nanocarrier roles in drug delivery and advanced cancer immunotherapies, discussing challenges.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nanotechnology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Nanocarriers are nanostructured vehicles for targeted anticancer drug delivery.
- They offer improved bioavailability, circulation time, and tumor accumulation over conventional methods.
- Functionalization allows tailoring pharmacokinetics for enhanced cancer therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of tumor vasculature in nanocarrier-based drug targeting.
- To explore advanced cancer immunotherapy approaches and their clinical development.
- To address challenges and translational obstacles of nanocarriers in cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on nanocarriers for anticancer drug delivery.
- Analysis of passive and active targeting strategies utilizing tumor vasculature.
- Exploration of organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanocarrier types.
- Examination of cancer immunotherapy advancements and clinical trials.
Main Results:
- Nanocarriers improve drug delivery efficacy and therapeutic outcomes in cancer treatment.
- Tumor vasculature plays a critical role in both passive and active nanocarrier targeting.
- Advanced immunotherapies offer new treatment options for intractable cancers.
- Several nanocarriers are approved or in clinical development for cancer therapy.
Conclusions:
- Nanocarriers are vital tools in modern cancer therapy, improving drug delivery and treatment effectiveness.
- Understanding tumor vasculature is key to optimizing nanocarrier targeting strategies.
- Continued research and development in nanocarriers and immunotherapies hold significant promise for cancer patients.
- Addressing translational challenges is crucial for the clinical success of nanocarrier-based cancer treatments.
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