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Related Concept Videos

Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end....
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines01:27

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The provided content explores the behavior of traveling waves on single-phase lossless transmission lines. It begins with a single-phase two-wire lossless transmission line of length Δx, characterized by a loop inductance LH/m and a line-to-line capacitance C F/m. These parameters result in a series inductance LΔx  and a shunt capacitance CΔx.
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
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Non-Hermitian topological whispering gallery.

Bolun Hu1, Zhiwang Zhang2, Haixiao Zhang1

  • 1Department of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

Nature
|September 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a topological gallery insulator using sonic crystals and carbon nanotube films. This innovation enables controlled sound wave manipulation for advanced acoustic sensing and non-destructive testing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Whispering-gallery waves, observed by Lord Rayleigh, exhibit efficient sound propagation around curves with minimal diffraction.
  • Recent advances explore non-Hermitian physics and topological insulators for novel wave guiding and control.
  • Applications include ultrasonic testing and optical sensing, highlighting the importance of wave phenomena control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a topological gallery insulator for manipulating sound waves.
  • To engineer non-Hermiticity for controlling whispering-gallery modes.
  • To achieve directional 'audio lasing' for advanced acoustic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a topological gallery insulator using sonic crystals composed of thermoplastic rods.
  • Decoration of rods with carbon nanotube films to create a sonic gain medium via electro-thermoacoustic coupling.
  • Engineering non-Hermiticity textures to break chiral symmetry and enable mode out-coupling.

Main Results:

  • Successful construction of a topological gallery insulator.
  • Demonstration of breaking chiral symmetry in whispering-gallery modes through engineered non-Hermiticity.
  • Observation of directional 'audio lasing' modes with desired handedness.

Conclusions:

  • The developed topological gallery insulator offers a new platform for controlling sound waves.
  • This work paves the way for advancements in non-destructive testing and acoustic sensing.
  • The findings bridge non-Hermitian physics, topological insulators, and acoustic wave manipulation.