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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Potentiation of Anticancer Antibody Efficacy by Antineoplastic Drugs: Detection of Antibody-drug Synergism Using the Combination Index Equation
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Gold Compounds and the Anticancer Immune Response.

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Frontiers in Pharmacology
|September 30, 2021
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Gold compounds enhance anti-tumor immunity by boosting cancer cell visibility and modulating immune cells. Gold nanoparticles show promise for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy and reducing treatment side effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Gold compounds are recognized for their cytotoxic effects on tumors and their interactions with the cancer immune system.
  • The immune system utilizes innate and adaptive mechanisms to combat pathogens and prevent malignant transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the synergistic effects of gold compounds and activated immune responses in cancer therapy.
  • To investigate the potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in enhancing immunotherapy and mitigating treatment-related toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vivo and in vitro experimental findings on gold compounds and cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of gold compounds' role in inducing innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • Examination of AuNPs' impact on immune cell function and cancer cell immunogenicity.

Main Results:

  • Gold compounds act as haptens, enhancing innate immunity and cancer cell antigenicity.
  • Gold compounds promote anti-tumor responses by releasing CRT, ATP, HMGB1, HSP, and NKG2D, increasing immunogenicity.
  • Gold compounds modulate immune cells, inhibiting suppressor cells and enhancing dendritic cell function.

Conclusions:

  • Gold compounds synergize with the immune system, supporting anti-tumor responses and enhancing cancer cell immunogenicity.
  • Gold nanoparticles offer a promising platform for combining anticancer gold compounds with immunotherapeutic interventions, improving efficacy and reducing side effects.