Primary Melanocytomas of the Spinal Cord: Case Studies and Rehabilitation Perspectives

Primary melanocytomas of the central nervous system are rare tumors arising from leptomeningeal melanocytes. Only 29 cases have been reported in the literature. Presenting symptoms may include insidious onset of back pain, slowly progressive neurologic deficits such as weakness and sensory changes, and bowel and bladder dysregulation. Advanced imaging including magnetic resonance imaging can be helpful in lesion localization but does not distinguish between primary and metastatic melanoma. In this case series, we present 3 patients with nontraumatic spinal cord injuries secondary to primary central nervous system malignant melanocytomas who were admitted to a single inpatient rehabilitation facility within a 12-month time frame. These cases highlight the importance of the rehabilitation team in the continuum of care for patients undergoing resection of primary melanocytomas of the spinal cord. The rehabilitation team should be involved in the preoperative counseling setting, immediately postoperatively, and in follow-up care to assess for signs of recurrence. A comprehensive multidisciplinary approach including physical and occupational therapists, rehabilitation nurses, rehabilitation neuropsychologists, and physiatrists is important for optimizing the function of these patients.