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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
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C-reactive protein and temperament: An instrumental variable analysis.

Ari Clemens1, Pashupati P Mishra2, Eirini Flouri3

  • 1Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.

Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
|September 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Genetic predisposition for high C-reactive protein (CRP) did not influence temperament traits like emotionality, activity, or sociability over a lifetime. While CRP levels showed some associations, genetic risk scores did not confirm a causal link.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteinCRPInflammationInstrument variable regressionPersonalityTemperament

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
  • Genetics
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Temperament is linked to inflammatory biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP).
  • CRP is associated with health conditions, including depression.
  • Investigating the genetic influence of CRP on temperament across the lifespan is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine if a genetic predisposition for elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) influences temperament dimensions.
  • To assess the life-course associations between genetically influenced CRP levels and temperament.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS) longitudinal cohort.
  • Included 920 participants assessed in childhood and adulthood.
  • Employed ordinary least-squares (OLS) and instrumental variable (IV) regression with a genetic risk score (GRS) for CRP.

Main Results:

  • OLS regression showed childhood CRP associated with higher sociability (childhood & adulthood) and lower adulthood activity.
  • Instrumental variable (IV) regressions revealed no significant associations between the CRP genetic risk score (GRS) and temperament traits.
  • Durbin-Wu-Hausman tests indicated no significant endogeneity between CRP levels and temperament.

Conclusions:

  • No clear evidence supports an association between genetic predisposition for elevated CRP and temperament traits.
  • Observed associations between circulating CRP and temperament traits were not confirmed by genetic risk scores.
  • Findings suggest that genetic factors influencing CRP may not directly shape temperament over the life-course.