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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
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Framework for the development and evaluation of complex interventions: gap analysis, workshop and

Kathryn Skivington1, Lynsay Matthews1, Sharon Anne Simpson1

  • 1Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England)
|September 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This updated framework guides research teams in developing and evaluating complex interventions, emphasizing context, diverse perspectives, and economic considerations for practical, useful evidence.

Keywords:
COMPLEX INTERVENTIONCOMPLEXITYCONTEXTDEVELOPMENTEVALUATIONFEASIBILITYIMPLEMENTATIONINTERVENTION REFINEMENTPROGRAMME THEORYSTAKEHOLDERSSYSTEMSUNCERTAINTIES

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Intervention Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Medical Research Council's 2006 framework for complex interventions requires updating due to significant field advancements.
  • Developments in methods and practice necessitate a revised framework for contemporary research challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the 2006 Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating complex interventions.
  • To provide guidance on prioritizing research questions and selecting appropriate methods for complex intervention research.

Main Methods:

  • A four-stage update process: gap analysis, expert workshop, open consultation, and expert review.
  • Involved a Scientific Advisory Group representing key research investments.

Main Results:

  • Key changes include an updated definition of complex interventions, emphasis on diverse research perspectives (efficacy, effectiveness, theory, systems), and usefulness of evidence.
  • Introduced six core elements: consider context, develop programme theory, engage stakeholders, identify uncertainties, refine intervention, economic considerations.
  • Divided research into four phases (development, feasibility, evaluation, implementation) with summaries and case studies.

Conclusions:

  • The updated framework incorporates recent developments, emphasizes context and systems thinking, and promotes a pragmatic, pluralist approach.
  • Highlights the need for diverse research perspectives and pragmatic selection of methods to generate useful evidence for decision-makers.