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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Evaluation of Caspase Activation to Assess Innate Immune Cell Death
Published on: January 20, 2023
Cell death mechanisms involved in cell injury caused by SARS-CoV-2
Maríllya Morais da Silva1, André Silva Lira de Lucena1, Sergio de Sá Leitão Paiva Júnior2
1Research Center for Therapeutic Innovation Suely Galdino, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an emerging novel respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that rapidly spread worldwide. In addition to lung injury, Covid-19 patients may develop extrapulmonary symptoms, including cardiac, liver, kidney, digestive tract, and neurological injuries. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is the major receptor for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. The specific mechanisms that lead to cell death in different tissues during infection by SARS-CoV-2 remains unknown. Based on data of the previous human coronavirus SARS-CoV together with information about SARS-CoV-2, this review provides a summary of the mechanisms involved in cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis, provoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
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