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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Models for COVID-19 Early Cardiac Pathology Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Maurice Fremont-Smith1, Nicole Gherlone2, Nora Smith3

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International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|September 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

COVID-19 can cause heart damage through localized ischemia and cell death, independent of myocarditis or microthrombi. This suggests impaired blood flow due to vasoconstriction contributes to SARS-CoV-2 cardiac injury.

Keywords:
COVID-19MyocarditisSARS-CoV-2cardiac pathologymast cell disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Infectious Disease Immunology

Background:

  • COVID-19 presents diverse cardiac complications, from mild to severe, including arrhythmias and shock.
  • Myocarditis and microthrombi are known causes of cardiac sequelae, but other SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathogenesis of cardiac sequelae in COVID-19 patients beyond myocarditis and microthrombi.
  • To propose new models for SARS-CoV-2 induced cardiac injury.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 71 heart autopsy specimens from COVID-19 and putative COVID-19 cases.
  • Examination of myocardial pathology and microvascular changes.

Main Results:

  • Localized myocardial cell death, not linked to myocarditis or microthrombi, was consistently observed.
  • Capillaries showed absent red blood cells, or linear clusters (stacks) of cells when present.

Conclusions:

  • Localized ischemia and anoxic cell death are proposed as contributors to cardiac pathogenesis in some COVID-19 patients.
  • Models involving vasoconstriction of cardiac pericytes, potentially via histamine release or direct infection, are suggested.
  • Impeded blood flow and anoxic cell death may initiate SARS-CoV-2 cardiac injury independently of microthrombi or myocarditis.