Role of molecular techniques in PMI estimation: An update

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Accurate post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation is vital for death investigations.
• Current methods (physiological, biochemical, entomological, archaeological) for PMI estimation lack precision and reliability.
• Advancements in molecular biology offer new avenues for more accurate PMI determination.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the potential of RNA markers for estimating the post-mortem interval (PMI).
• To evaluate the efficacy of RNA degradation patterns as reliable indicators of time since death.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review and critical evaluation of 47 selected studies.
• Analysis of existing literature on molecular markers for PMI estimation.
• Focus on RNA degradation patterns in post-mortem tissues.

Main Results:

• DNA is relatively stable post-mortem, while RNA is labile and degrades in a tissue-specific manner.
• RNA degradation patterns show potential as precise indicators for PMI estimation.
• RNA markers offer a more reliable alternative to traditional, less precise PMI assessment methods.

Conclusions:

• RNA markers present a significant advancement in the accurate estimation of the post-mortem interval.
• Further research into RNA degradation patterns can refine forensic science techniques.
• Utilizing RNA markers can improve the precision and reliability of death investigations.