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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
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Osteoblasts-derived exosomes regulate osteoclast differentiation through miR-503-3p/Hpse axis.

Qing Wang1, Xiaofeng Shen2, Yong Chen3

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Kunshan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Acta Histochemica
|September 30, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Osteoblast exosomes carrying miR-503-3p inhibit osteoclast differentiation by downregulating the heparanase gene (Hpse). This reveals a novel mechanism in bone remodeling regulation.

Keywords:
ExosomesHpseOsteoblastOsteoclast differentiationmiR-503-3p

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Cellular Communication
  • Molecular Mechanisms

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate bone remodeling, balancing bone formation and resorption.
  • Osteoblasts and osteoclasts communicate via exosomes and miRNA transfer.
  • Mineralized osteoblasts release exosomes enriched with miR-503-3p.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of osteoblast exosome-derived miR-503-3p in osteoclast differentiation.
  • Elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of exosomes from osteoblast supernatant using TEM, NTA, and Western blot.
  • Assessment of exosome and miR-503-3p effects on osteoclast progenitor cell differentiation.
  • Identification of Hpse as a target gene of miR-503-3p.

Main Results:

  • Osteoblast-derived exosomes and miR-503-3p were found to inhibit osteoclast differentiation.
  • Heparanase gene (Hpse) was identified as a direct target of miR-503-3p.
  • miR-503-3p inhibits osteoclast differentiation by downregulating Hpse expression.

Conclusions:

  • Osteoblast-derived exosomes play an inhibitory role in osteoclast differentiation.
  • The miR-503-3p/Hpse axis is a key mechanism mediating this inhibition.
  • This finding provides insights into the regulation of bone remodeling.