Albumin adsorption on microwave-treated titanium dioxide for dental implant materials

Surface modification of biomedical implants is an established strategy to improve osseointegration. TiO₂ nanoflowers (TNF) were deposited on a titanium substrate by hydrothermal technique followed by microwave radiation at 700 W for 5-15 min. Microwave-treated samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy to determine their physicochemical characteristics. The XRD and Raman results showed crystalline rutile TiO₂. The surfaces of microwave-treated TNF were hydrophilic with split hierarchical structure. The Sips isotherm was used to analyze BSA adsorption on microwave treated TNF samples. The microwave treatment enhances protein adsorption capacity.