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Dietary patterns of children aged 6-24 months assisted by the Bolsa Família Program

Marília Moura E Mendes1, Giovana de Montemor Marçal2, Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi3

  • 1Nutrition Postgraduate Program, Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, Botucatu St., 740, Vila Clementino, 04023-062São Paulo, Brazil.

Public Health Nutrition
|October 1, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Socio-economic factors influence children's dietary patterns, including early ultra-processed food intake, among Bolsa Família Program beneficiaries. Higher caregiver education and less food insecurity were linked to healthier eating habits.

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health
  • Socioeconomics

Background:

  • Dietary patterns (DP) in early childhood are crucial for long-term health.
  • Understanding the influence of socio-economic and demographic factors on DP is vital for targeted interventions.
  • The Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in Brazil aims to alleviate poverty and improve health outcomes for vulnerable families.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between socio-economic and demographic characteristics and dietary patterns (DP) in children aged 6-24 months.
  • To identify specific DP among children assisted by the Bolsa Família Program (BFP).
  • To explore the link between caregiver/household characteristics and children's DP within the BFP context.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design.
  • Principal component analysis used to define four distinct dietary patterns (DP1-DP4).
  • Multilevel linear regression analysis employed to model associations between predictive variables and DP.

Main Results:

  • Four DP were identified: traditional Brazilian foods, ultra-processed foods (UPF), milk with sugar, and fresh/minimally processed foods.
  • Higher caregiver age and education were negatively associated with DP2 (UPF-rich).
  • Food insecurity was negatively associated with DP4 (healthy foods), while higher caregiver age and education were positively associated with DP4.

Conclusions:

  • Socio-economic inequities are associated with early-life dietary patterns in children assisted by the BFP.
  • An early introduction of ultra-processed foods (UPF) was observed in this population.
  • Findings highlight the need for interventions addressing socio-economic factors to improve child nutrition within conditional cash transfer programs.
Abstract

Keywords:
Complementary feedingInfant nutritionPrincipal component analysisSocial vulnerability

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