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Related Concept Videos

Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Intratumoral Injection of Cisplatin for the Treatment of Isolated Mediastinal Recurrence of Lung Cancer
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Atezolizumab Extends DFS after NSCLC Relapse

    Cancer Discovery
    |October 1, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adjuvant atezolizumab significantly reduced disease recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer patients post-surgery and chemotherapy. This immune checkpoint inhibitor showed benefits, especially in those with high PD-L1 expression.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Immunotherapy
    • Clinical Trials

    Background:

    • The IMpower-010 trial investigated adjuvant atezolizumab in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    • Patients received atezolizumab or best supportive care after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy.

    Discussion:

    • Atezolizumab demonstrated a 34% reduction in disease progression risk for PD-L1 expressing NSCLC.
    • The efficacy was more pronounced in patients with PD-L1 expression ≥50%.

    Key Insights:

    • Adjuvant atezolizumab offers a new therapeutic option for resected NSCLC.
    • Tumor PD-L1 expression is a key predictive biomarker for atezolizumab response.
    • This finding supports the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage NSCLC.

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    Outlook:

    • Further research may explore atezolizumab in different NSCLC stages and combinations.
    • Biomarker-driven treatment selection will likely increase in adjuvant NSCLC therapy.
    • Long-term survival data will be crucial for establishing atezolizumab's definitive role.