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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
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Development of a Tool to Assess Inference-Making and Reasoning in Biology.

Jennifer G Cromley1, Ting Dai2, Tia S Fechter3

  • 1Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.

Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education
|October 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A new assessment, the Inference-Making and Reasoning in Biology (IMRB) assessment, helps identify students needing support in biology reasoning skills. This tool aids in course placement and predicting academic success.

Keywords:
STEMassessmentbiologydeductivegradeinferencemeasurepredictreasoningretention

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Area of Science:

  • Biology Education
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Effective reasoning with scientific information is crucial for success in biology.
  • Early identification of students struggling with inference-making can improve outcomes and reduce attrition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Inference-Making and Reasoning in Biology (IMRB) assessment.
  • To create a reliable tool for measuring students' deductive reasoning abilities in biology.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 15-item multiple-choice assessment (IMRB).
  • Content drawn from widely-used introductory biology textbooks for science majors.
  • Assessment administered at the beginning of a semester to measure reasoning with novel information.

Main Results:

  • The IMRB reliably measures deductive reasoning with new biology content.
  • The assessment demonstrates fairness across diverse student populations.
  • The IMRB can be used independently or with standardized test scores (SAT/ACT).

Conclusions:

  • The IMRB is a valid and reliable tool for assessing biology inference and reasoning skills.
  • The assessment can inform course placement, predict student performance, and identify needs for academic support.
  • The IMRB is freely available to educators and researchers.