Selected Structural Birth Defects - Shanxi Province, China, 2000-2019

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Reproductive Health

Background:

• Neural tube defects (NTDs) pose a significant public health challenge.
• A nationwide folic acid supplementation program was implemented in China in 2009 to combat high NTD prevalence.
• Previous data showed a decrease in NTDs from 118.9 to 31.5 per 10,000 births in northern China (2000-2014).

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze trends in structural birth defect prevalence over two decades in northern China.
• To evaluate the impact of public health interventions on birth defect rates.
• To identify areas for further improvement in birth defect prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a population-based birth defect surveillance system.
• Analyzed data from five counties in northern China.
• Examined trends in the prevalence of selected structural birth defects from 2000 to 2019.

Main Results:

• Overall prevalence of selected structural birth defects decreased significantly from 182.8 to 119.3 per 10,000 births.
• The proportion of perinatal structural birth defects (≥28 weeks gestation) declined from 83.9% to 59.9%.
• These findings indicate a positive impact of folic acid supplementation and other interventions.

Conclusions:

• Public health initiatives have successfully reduced birth defect rates in northern China.
• Further enhancements in folic acid supplementation compliance and food fortification are recommended.
• Strengthening health education on early prenatal care is crucial for continued risk reduction.