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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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The case management model is a multidisciplinary approach that involves healthcare professionals from diverse disciplines, such as physicians, nurses, therapists, social workers, and pharmacists, working collaboratively to address the various needs of patients. Each healthcare professional brings unique expertise and perspectives, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and tailoring treatment plans accordingly.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

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Pediatric Chronic Critical Illness: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

David Zorko1, James Dayre McNally2,3, Bram Rochwerg4,5,6

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.

JMIR Research Protocols
|October 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study reviews definitions of chronic critical illness (CCI) in children, aiming to establish a consensus case definition. It uses a novel hybrid approach combining crowdsourcing and machine learning for efficient data review.

Keywords:
chronic critical illnesscritical careintensive care unitspediatricsresearch design

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Health services research
  • Medical informatics

Background:

  • Increased survival in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) leads to more children with chronic complex medical conditions.
  • A subset of these children face recurrent critical illness, high morbidity, and mortality, termed chronic critical illness (CCI).
  • Pediatric CCI remains understudied with no universally accepted case definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a scoping review of how pediatric chronic critical illness (CCI) is defined in existing literature.
  • To analyze methodologies used for developing current definitions and identify patient characteristics and outcomes studied.
  • To inform the development of a consensus case definition for pediatric CCI.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of four electronic databases for studies on pediatric CCI and prolonged PICU admission.
  • Hybrid crowdsourcing and machine learning (ML) methodology for citation screening.
  • Independent, duplicate screening and data abstraction by two reviewers, focusing on definitions, demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Database searching, crowd reviewer recruitment, and ML algorithm development commenced in March 2021.
  • Citation screening and data abstraction were completed by April 2021.
  • Final data verification is ongoing, with analysis and results expected by fall 2021.

Conclusions:

  • The scoping review will delineate existing definitions of pediatric CCI and associated patient characteristics.
  • Findings will guide the creation of a consensus case definition for pediatric CCI and prioritize future research.
  • The study will validate the use of crowdsourcing and ML for efficient large-scale scoping reviews.