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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Monitoring Colony-level Effects of Sublethal Pesticide Exposure on Honey Bees

Monitoring Colony-level Effects of Sublethal Pesticide Exposure on Honey Bees

Published on: November 15, 2017

Elevated Temperature May Affect Nectar Microbes, Nectar Sugars, and Bumble Bee Foraging Preference.

Kaleigh A Russell¹, Quinn S McFrederick²

¹Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.

Microbial Ecology

|October 1, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Climate warming alters nectar microbes, changing sugar content and affecting bumble bee preferences. Bees preferred ambient-temperature microbes, not those from warmer conditions, impacting plant-pollinator interactions.

Keywords:

Floral microbes Fructophilic bacteria Pollination Symbiosis

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Microbiology
Climate Change Biology

Background:

Floral nectar microbes influence pollinator preference and plant-pollinator interactions.
Climate change, through rising temperatures, can disrupt these delicate ecological relationships.
Microbial communities in nectar are often simple, with bacteria like Fructobacillus being dominant.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of warming temperatures on nectar microbial communities.
To assess how temperature-induced changes in nectar microbes affect nectar chemistry.
To determine the influence of altered nectar microbes on the preference of the common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens).

Main Methods:

A natural nectar microbial community from Brassica rapa was incubated at different temperatures.
Nectar chemistry was analyzed after microbial incubation.
Bombus impatiens preference for nectar incubated under different temperatures was tested.

Main Results:

Increased temperatures led to a higher abundance of bacteria, specifically Fructobacillus.
Warming altered the sugar composition of the nectar.
Bumble bees preferred nectar containing microbes incubated at ambient temperatures over those from warmer conditions.

Conclusions:

Climate warming significantly impacts nectar microbial communities and their associated nectar chemistry.
Elevated temperatures can lead to changes in bacterial abundance and nectar sugars, altering pollinator preference.
Warming-induced shifts in nectar microbes pose a threat to established plant-pollinator mutualisms.