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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Olfaction01:25

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Lateralization01:28

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

A Lateralized Odor Learning Model in Neonatal Rats for Dissecting Neural Circuitry Underpinning Memory Formation
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Lessons from behavioral lateralization in olfaction.

Matthias Cavelius1,2, Théo Brunel1,2, Anne Didier3,4

  • 1Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Neuropop Team, Lyon, France.

Brain Structure & Function
|October 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sensory organ input influences brain lateralization, particularly in the olfactory system. This research explores how brain hemispheres process odors differently, impacting behavior and potentially revealing insights into psychiatric conditions.

Keywords:
BehaviorBrain lateralizationOlfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Psychology
  • Sensory Biology

Background:

  • Brain lateralization is crucial for organizing neural functions.
  • Alterations in lateralization are linked to psychiatric conditions.
  • The olfactory system offers a model for studying brain lateralization due to its ancient, conserved, and largely ipsilateral nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of sensory information, specifically olfaction, in brain lateralization.
  • To explore the behavioral significance of differential hemispheric processing of olfactory cues.
  • To understand how olfactory lateralization may relate to psychiatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of behavioral data across vertebrate and invertebrate species.
  • Analysis of studies reporting differential nostril performance or odorant sampling.
  • Examination of neuroanatomical and functional asymmetry findings related to olfaction.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests distinct hemispheric processing of olfactory cues for various sensory operations (detection, discrimination, learning).
  • Species-specific behavioral asymmetries in olfactory tasks have been observed, sometimes linked to peripheral asymmetries.
  • Brain activation and connectivity studies reveal complex asymmetric patterns in response to odorants.

Conclusions:

  • The olfactory system provides valuable insights into the behavioral relevance of brain lateralization.
  • Differential processing of olfactory information by brain hemispheres is evident across species.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and implications of olfactory lateralization, especially concerning psychiatric disorders.