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Organoids as a Robust Preclinical Model for Precision Medicine in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Michael Flood1,2, Vignesh Narasimhan3,4, Kasmira Wilson3,4
1Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Michael.flood@petermac.org.
Background:
Patients with locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) display heterogeneous responses to standard-of-care therapy. Robust preclinical models of malignancy in the form of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) have recently come to the fore in tailoring patient care to a personalized medicine level. This study aimed to review the literature systematically regarding PTDOs and gauge their impact on precision medicine in the management of CRC.
Methods:
A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. The results were categorized based on the primary objective of the individual studies as follows: organoid use in predicting effective hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), systemic chemotherapy in CRC, or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.
Results:
The literature search found 200 publications, 16 of which met the inclusion criteria. Organoid models of primary and metastatic CRC have been increasingly used to assess clinical responses to standard therapy. Marked heterogeneity exists, matching the responses observed in clinical practice with ex vivo drug and radiation screening. Repeated correlation between organoid and patient sensitivity to forms of HIPEC, systemic chemotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy has been observed.
Conclusion:
Patient-derived tumor organoids are the latest tool in predictive translational research. Current organoid-based studies in precision medicine have shown their great potential for predicting the clinical response of patients to CRC therapy. Larger-scale, prospective data are required to fully support this exciting avenue in cancer care.
Insights
Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) show promise in predicting colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment responses. These models correlate well with patient outcomes, advancing precision medicine in CRC management.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Translational Research
- Genomics
Background:
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) patient responses to therapy are highly variable.
- Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) are emerging as powerful preclinical models.
- PDTOs offer a platform for personalized medicine approaches in CRC management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the literature on patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) in colorectal cancer (CRC).
- To evaluate the impact of PDTOs on precision medicine strategies for CRC.
- To assess PDTOs' utility in predicting treatment response for various CRC therapies.
Main Methods:
- A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was conducted.
- Databases searched include MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.
- Studies were categorized by organoid application: hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), systemic chemotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Main Results:
- 16 out of 200 publications met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review.
- Organoid models increasingly predict clinical responses to standard CRC therapies, reflecting clinical heterogeneity.
- Consistent correlations were observed between organoid sensitivity and patient response to HIPEC, systemic chemotherapy, and chemoradiotherapy.
Conclusions:
- Patient-derived tumor organoids represent a significant advancement in predictive translational research for cancer.
- Current evidence indicates substantial potential for organoid-based approaches in predicting CRC patient treatment responses.
- Further large-scale, prospective studies are necessary to fully validate organoids in clinical CRC care.
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