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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Electrocatalytic Glycerol Oxidation with Concurrent Hydrogen Evolution Utilizing an Efficient MoO_x /Pt Catalyst.

Xiaowen Yu¹, Egon Campos Dos Santos², Jai White³

¹Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|October 1, 2021

Summary

This study presents a novel molybdenum oxide/platinum (MoO_x/Pt) catalyst for efficient glycerol electrolysis. This composite material enhances both hydrogen production and value-added chemical generation, offering a greener energy solution.

Keywords:

glycerate glycerol oxidation hydrogen evolution molybdenum oxide platinum

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Published on: October 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Green Chemistry

Background:

Glycerol electrolysis is a promising green route for producing chemicals and hydrogen.
Developing efficient electrocatalysts is crucial for optimizing glycerol electrolysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-performance electrocatalyst for glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
To investigate the synergistic effects of molybdenum oxide nanosheets and platinum nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

Synthesized a MoO_x/Pt composite electrocatalyst by trapping Pt nanoparticles at oxygen vacancies of MoO_x nanosheets.
Conducted electrochemical experiments and theoretical calculations to analyze catalytic performance.
Performed two-electrode glycerol electrolysis using the composite as both anode and cathode.

Main Results:

The MoO_x/Pt composite demonstrated high performance for both GOR and HER in alkaline electrolytes.
MoO_x nanosheets facilitated glycerol adsorption and water dissociation, enhancing Pt activity.
Achieved a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 at a cell voltage of 0.70 V for two-electrode glycerol electrolysis.

Conclusions:

The MoO_x/Pt composite significantly enhances catalytic activity and kinetics for glycerol electrolysis.
This catalyst offers a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional water electrolysis.
The study highlights the potential of MoO_x/Pt for sustainable chemical and hydrogen production.