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Related Concept Videos

Frost Action on Concrete01:27

Frost Action on Concrete

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Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
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Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

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When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
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Frost Resistant Concrete01:29

Frost Resistant Concrete

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Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
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The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography HRIT for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
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Leidenfrost Effect as a Directed Percolation Phase Transition.

Pierre Chantelot1, Detlef Lohse1,2

  • 1Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute, and J. M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|October 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Leidenfrost effect, where liquid drops levitate on hot surfaces, is explained by a directed percolation phase transition. This research redefines the Leidenfrost temperature by analyzing the interplay between liquid drops and superheated solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • The Leidenfrost effect describes liquid drops levitating on a vapor layer above a surface significantly hotter than the liquid's boiling point.
  • Understanding the transition to the Leidenfrost state is crucial for applications involving heat transfer and fluid behavior on hot surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physical mechanisms governing the onset of the Leidenfrost effect.
  • To establish an analogy between the Leidenfrost phenomenon and nonequilibrium phase transitions, specifically directed percolation.
  • To redefine the critical temperature marking the transition to the Leidenfrost state.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of volatile drops impacting superheated solids.
  • Observation and analysis of spatiotemporal intermittency in the liquid-vapor-solid interaction.
  • Statistical analysis of the system's behavior to identify critical phenomena and universality classes.

Main Results:

  • A critical surface temperature was identified, defining the upper limit for coexistence of levitation and direct contact.
  • A regime of spatiotemporal intermittency was observed, characterized by coexisting wet and dry regions on the substrate.
  • The statistical properties of this intermittent regime align with the directed percolation universality class.

Conclusions:

  • The Leidenfrost effect's onset can be effectively modeled using concepts from directed percolation phase transitions.
  • This analogy provides a new framework for understanding the transition to the Leidenfrost state and redefines the Leidenfrost temperature.
  • The study offers insights into the fundamental physics governing liquid-vapor-solid interactions at high temperatures.