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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
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Lower limb joint angles and their variability during uphill walking.

Javad Sarvestan1, Peyman Aghaie Ataabadi2, Fateme Yazdanbakhsh2

  • 1Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Gait & Posture
|October 1, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Uphill walking significantly alters ankle, knee, and hip joint angles and their variability. While adaptations provide stability, reduced ankle movement variability may increase injury risk with prolonged incline walking.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsGait cycleKinematicsLocomotionSPM analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Uphill walking requires immediate lower limb segment coordination.
  • Individual joint responses and variability during incline walking are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of uphill walking on ankle, knee, and hip joint angles and their variability.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three collegiate athletes walked on a treadmill at 0°, 5°, and 10° inclines.
  • Ankle, knee, and hip joint angles and their variability were analyzed across gait cycles.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences were found in ankle, knee, and hip joint angles across all planes (sagittal, frontal, transverse) during incline walking.
  • Variability in ankle and knee joint angles significantly differed in sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes.
  • Hip joint variability was significantly different in sagittal and horizontal planes.

Conclusions:

  • Uphill walking necessitates joint angle modifications for stability, with the ankle providing a stable base.
  • Reduced ankle movement variability during incline walking may pose a risk for long-term injuries.