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The basic components of an inductor are coils or loops of wire that are either wound around a hollow tube former or a ferromagnetic material (iron-cored) to increase their inductive value or inductance. When a voltage is applied across an inductor's terminals, a magnetic field is created, where the inductor stores its energy. The inductor's own self-induced or back emf value controls the growth of the current flowing through it.  This back emf voltage is proportional to the rate of...
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A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
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Clipper Circuit01:18

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A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
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Mutual inductance arises when a current in one circuit produces a changing magnetic field that induces an emf in another circuit. On the other hand, self-inductance arises when the current passing through the circuit changes, creating a changing magnetic flux, resulting in inductance in the same circuit.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Construction of a Wireless-Enabled Endoscopically Implantable Sensor for pH Monitoring with Zero-Bias Schottky Diode-based Receiver
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Partial discharge detection with on-chip spiral inductor as a loop antenna.

Najeh Zeidi1, Sinda Kaziz1, Mohamed Hadj Said1

  • 1Systems Integration & Emerging Energies (SI2E), National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route Soukra, BP 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.

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|October 2, 2021
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Summary

A novel partial discharge (PD) loop antenna sensor, fabricated using CMOS technology, effectively detects corona PD. This compact, low-cost microsensor offers a competitive alternative to bulky industrial sensors.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Electromagnetics
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Partial discharge (PD) is a critical indicator of insulation degradation in high-voltage equipment.
  • Existing PD detection sensors are often bulky, expensive, and intrusive.
  • Development of compact, cost-effective, and non-intrusive PD sensors is essential for effective monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and examine a novel partial discharge (PD) loop antenna sensor.
  • To evaluate the sensor's capability in detecting corona PD.
  • To compare the performance of the novel sensor with existing industrial PD sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 70-turn square planar inductor microsensor on a silicon substrate using CMOS technology.
  • Connection of the microsensor in series with a 60 dB gain amplifier for PD detection.
  • Experimental analysis of the sensor's response at varying distances from the PD source.

Main Results:

  • Successful detection of corona PD pulses was demonstrated.
  • A damped sinusoidal induced voltage of approximately 100 mV was measured at 5 cm distance.
  • The sensor's output spectrum showed a resonance frequency centered around 5 MHz.
  • The on-chip sensor exhibited a comparable signal-to-noise ratio to commercial electromagnetic wave-based sensors.

Conclusions:

  • The presented on-chip loop antenna sensor is a viable, non-intrusive solution for PD detection.
  • Its compact size, lightweight nature, and low cost make it a competitive alternative to traditional industrial sensors.
  • The sensor shows promise for integration into advanced monitoring systems for electrical insulation.