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Seal bomb explosion sound source characterization.

Sean M Wiggins1, Anna Krumpel2, LeRoy M Dorman1

  • 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0205, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|October 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seal bombs used in fisheries produce high-intensity underwater sounds that can harm marine life. Sound exposure levels were measured, revealing significant energy, especially when considering cumulative explosions.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Marine Biology
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Commercial fisheries use seal bombs to deter marine mammals, preventing depredation and bycatch.
  • These explosive devices generate high-level underwater sounds with potential negative impacts on marine animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the underwater sound produced by seal bombs.
  • To develop propagation loss models for estimating source levels (SL).
  • To assess the sound exposure levels and their implications for marine life.

Main Methods:

  • Seal bombs were detonated underwater and recorded using a calibrated hydrophone at various distances.
  • Waveform analysis was conducted to understand sound propagation and refraction.
  • Sound metrics including source level, source pressure impulse, and sound exposure source level were calculated.

Main Results:

  • Spherical spreading loss was observed at ranges under 1500 m, with waveform refraction becoming significant beyond this distance.
  • Source level (SL) was estimated at 233 dB re 1 μPa m.
  • Sound exposure source level, considering a 2 ms window, was 197 dB re 1 μPa² m² s, and 203 dB re 1 μPa² m² s when accounting for the full 100 ms waveform.

Conclusions:

  • Different metrics are needed to accurately quantify the impact of impulsive sounds like seal bombs.
  • Cumulative sound exposure level, integrating energy from multiple explosions, is crucial for impact assessment.
  • Understanding these sound characteristics is vital for mitigating negative effects on marine mammals.