[Myelosarcoma as the primary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia]

Myelosarcoma ("Granulocytic sarcoma", "Chloroma") is an extramedullary tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells and related to myelogenous leukemia. If the tumor precedes acute leukemia diagnosis is difficult and requires special diagnostic techniques. This is documented by the presented 7.5 years old girl with primary myelosarcoma. In spite of early and intensive chemotherapy and radiation the sarcoma soon was followed by acute myelogenous leukemia with skin infiltrations. Cytogenetic classifications may in future lead to the development of a differentiated therapy of myelosarcoma.