Bovine Milk Exosomes Alleviate Cardiac Fibrosis via Enhancing Angiogenesis In Vivo and In Vitro

Cardiac fibrosis is a difficult clinical puzzle without effective therapy. Exosomes play an important role in alleviating cardiac fibrosis via angiogenesis. This research aimed to assess the effect of bovine milk on cardiac fibrosis. The proangiogenic effect of bovine milk exosomes was analyzed both in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac fibrosis rats in vivo and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro. Results indicated that bovine milk exosomes alleviated the extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and enhanced the cardiac function in cardiac fibrosis rat. The proangiogenic growth factors were significantly enhanced in rats accepted bovine milk exosomes. Meanwhile, bovine milk exosomes ameliorated the motility, migration, and tube-forming ability of HUVECs after OGD in vitro. Bovine milk exosomes alleviate cardiac fibrosis and enhance cardiac function in cardiac fibrosis rats via enhancing angiogenesis. Bovine milk exosomes may represent a potential strategy for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.