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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

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Selenium can regulate the differentiation and immune function of human dendritic cells.

Yi Jia1,2, Liangliang Zhang3,4,5, Xianmei Liu3,4

  • 1Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China. jiayiyouxiang@163.com.

Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine
|October 2, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Selenium supplementation impacts human dendritic cell (DC) function. Low doses (0.1 µM) enhance immune responses, while higher doses suppress them, highlighting the importance of optimal selenium levels for immune cell activity.

Keywords:
Human dendritic cellImmune functionSeleniumSelenoprotein

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Trace Element Metabolism
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Selenium is vital for immune cell function through selenoproteins.
  • The specific impact of selenium on human dendritic cells (DCs) is not fully understood.
  • Dendritic cells play a crucial role in initiating adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) on selenoprotein expression in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs).
  • To determine how selenium influences the immune functions of immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs).
  • To elucidate the dose-dependent effects of selenium on DC surface marker and cytokine expression.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) to assess selenoprotein and cytokine gene expression.
  • Flow cytometry, cell counting, and CCK8 assays to evaluate DC immune functions.
  • Treatment of monocytes, imDCs, and mDCs with varying concentrations of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3).

Main Results:

  • Selenium significantly altered selenoprotein expression in monocytes and DCs.
  • A concentration of 0.1 µM selenium enhanced DC migration, phagocytic activity, and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction.
  • Higher selenium concentrations (0.05 µM and 0.2 µM) generally suppressed DC immune functions, including the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL12-p35, IL12-p40), while increasing IL-10 in imDCs.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium modulates human dendritic cell function in a dose-dependent manner.
  • Optimal selenium levels (e.g., 0.1 µM) can enhance DC-mediated immune responses.
  • Impaired immune function is observed at higher selenium concentrations, suggesting a narrow therapeutic window for selenium in modulating DC immunity.