Cardiovascular Deaths in Pregnancy: Growing Concerns and Preventive Strategies

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Public Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide.
• In high-income countries, cardiomyopathies, ischemic heart disease, and aortic dissection are major causes of CVD-related maternal deaths.
• Rheumatic heart disease remains a significant cause of maternal cardiac mortality in low- and middle-income countries.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the trends in maternal mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular disease globally.
• To highlight the diverse range of cardiovascular conditions affecting pregnant individuals, including pre-existing and new-onset conditions.
• To discuss strategies for improving outcomes and addressing the knowledge gap among healthcare professionals.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature on maternal cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.
• The review examines data from both high-income and low- and middle-income countries.
• It discusses various cardiovascular conditions and risk factors relevant to pregnancy.

Main Results:

• Maternal deaths and serious cardiac morbidity ('near misses') from cardiovascular causes are increasing globally.
• Both known and undiagnosed heart conditions, as well as new-onset cardiovascular issues like preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy, contribute to mortality.
• A significant contributing factor to preventable deaths is the lack of awareness among healthcare professionals.

Conclusions:

• Cardiovascular disease poses a significant and growing threat to maternal health worldwide.
• Addressing the rising rates of maternal cardiovascular mortality requires increased awareness and improved clinical management.
• Implementing targeted strategies and education is essential to reduce preventable maternal deaths and improve cardiac care during pregnancy.