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Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties
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Forecasting plastic waste generation and interventions for environmental hazard mitigation.

Yee Van Fan1, Peng Jiang2, Raymond R Tan3

  • 1Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic.

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Summary

Future EU plastic waste generation is projected to reach 17 Mt/y by 2030. Even with a 55% recycling rate, environmental impacts like global warming potential will increase, emphasizing the need for waste reduction strategies.

Keywords:
Clustering analysisEnvironmental hazard mitigationMachine learningMicroplasticPlastic pollutionScenario analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Sustainability Studies
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Plastic waste poses significant global environmental hazards, demanding urgent attention for sustainable solutions.
  • Current waste management strategies require re-evaluation to mitigate long-term ecological damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To forecast plastic waste generation in the EU-27 by 2030 using a neural network model.
  • To assess the effectiveness of various interventions in mitigating plastic waste's environmental impact.
  • To provide managerial insights into policy interventions through model interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a neural network model to predict plastic waste generation.
  • Utilization of SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for interpreting the black-box model.
  • Analysis of predictors including energy consumption, circular material use, economic complexity, population, and GDP.

Main Results:

  • Projected plastic waste generation for EU-27 is 17 Mt/y by 2030.
  • A 55% EU recycling rate in 2030 is insufficient to reduce environmental impacts below 2018 levels, particularly global warming potential and marine pollution.
  • Scenario 4 (50% recycling, 47.6% energy recovery) demonstrated the lowest impact across multiple environmental indicators, except for global warming potential.

Conclusions:

  • Plastic waste reduction is crucial, especially for countries with high per capita untreated waste.
  • Policy interventions focusing on waste reduction alongside recycling and energy recovery are essential for environmental hazard mitigation.
  • Optimizing waste management scenarios is key to balancing environmental protection goals, though global warming potential remains a challenge.