Molecular characterisation of Hepatitis E virus isolates from north India

Area of Science:

• Hepatology and Viral Gastroenterology
• Molecular Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) globally, particularly in developing nations.
• HEV exhibits significant genotypic diversity, influencing its geographical distribution and clinical impact.
• Understanding local HEV epidemiology and strain characteristics is crucial for effective public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize Hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates from North India.
• To investigate the influence of host and viral factors on HEV infection outcomes.
• To determine the prevalence and phylogenetic profile of HEV in the study region.

Main Methods:

• Serum samples from 536 acute viral hepatitis patients were screened for hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgM antibodies.
• Real-time PCR and nested PCR were employed to detect HEV RNA and amplify the capsid gene.
• Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed to determine HEV strain genotypes.

Main Results:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgM positivity was found in 38% of suspected AVH cases.
• HEV RNA was detected in 31.8% of seropositive cases, with genotype 1a identified as prevalent.
• HEV infection in pregnant women showed a 23.5% mortality rate and 51% adverse fetal outcome rate.

Conclusions:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 1a is the predominant strain in North India.
• HEV infection during pregnancy is associated with severe maternal and fetal complications.
• This underscores the need for targeted interventions and improved maternal healthcare in HEV-endemic areas.