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Crossover Experiments

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.

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Dynamic molecular choreography induced by traffic exposure: A randomized, crossover trial using multi-omics

Xihao Du¹, Qingli Zhang¹, Yixuan Jiang¹

¹School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Journal of Hazardous Materials

|October 3, 2021

Summary

Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) significantly alters molecular profiles, impacting pathways like inflammation and oxidative stress. This study reveals novel molecular changes linked to TRAP exposure in healthy young adults.

Keywords:

Metabolomics Multi-omics Proteomics Randomized crossover trial Traffic-related air pollution Transcriptomics

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Molecular Biology
Toxicology

Background:

Adverse health outcomes from traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) require mechanistic understanding.
Previous research indicates TRAP's detrimental effects, but detailed molecular pathways remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying adverse health outcomes from TRAP exposure.
To investigate global molecular changes in response to short-term TRAP exposure using a multi-omics approach.

Main Methods:

A randomized, crossover trial involving healthy young students in Shanghai.
Participants underwent a 4-hour walk in either a traffic-polluted or traffic-free environment.
Untargeted plasma exosome transcriptomics, serum proteomics, and metabolomics analyses were performed.

Main Results:

Exposure to TRAP significantly increased ultrafine particles, black carbon, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide levels.
TRAP exposure was associated with significant changes in 3449 exosome mRNAs, 58 serum proteins, and 128 serum metabolites.
Multi-omics analysis identified altered pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, coagulation, and novel pathways like growth hormone signaling.

Conclusions:

TRAP exposure induces widespread molecular alterations at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels.
The study provides evidence for TRAP's impact on key biological pathways and identifies novel signaling pathways affected.
This multi-omics approach demonstrates a proof-of-concept for understanding TRAP's biological mechanisms.