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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

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What is a pair bond?

Karen L Bales1, Cory S Ardekani2, Alexander Baxter3

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, United States of America; Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, United States of America; California National Primate Research Center, United States of America.

Hormones and Behavior
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review examines the definition and evidence of pair bonding across species. It explores how behavioral and neurobiological data challenge and refine our understanding of this complex social behavior.

Keywords:
Pair bondPair livingPolyandryPolygynySocial monogamy

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Pair bonding is a complex construct often defined and measured inconsistently across species.
  • Existing definitions may conflate psychological phenomena with social structures or mating systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical definition of pair bonding.
  • To investigate variations in definitions and evidence across different taxonomic groups.
  • To explore how behavioral and neurobiological findings impact the definition of pair bonding.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pair bonding across diverse taxa.
  • Analysis of behavioral and neurobiological evidence presented in existing research.
  • Synthesis of findings to address definitional ambiguities.

Main Results:

  • Historical definitions of pair bonding vary significantly across taxonomic groups.
  • Behavioral observations reveal diverse manifestations of pair bonding, challenging a singular definition.
  • Neurobiological underpinnings provide further complexity to understanding pair bonding.

Conclusions:

  • The definition of pair bonding requires refinement to encompass its diverse expressions across species.
  • Future research should integrate behavioral, neurobiological, and ecological data for a comprehensive understanding.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches are crucial for advancing the study of pair bonding.