Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 18, 2025
Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
Advances and Controversies With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Bladder Cancer
Logan P Rhea1, Jeanny B Aragon-Ching2
1Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Abstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of bladder urothelial cancers and have wide application in almost all disease states. Although several drugs have initially been shown to be beneficial in the second-line metastatic setting, there are still ongoing controversies and debate, including voluntary withdrawals of durvalumab and atezolizumab, along with the approval of agents in the first-line setting in the cisplatin-ineligible state based on inconsistent confirmatory phase III trials. As novel immunotherapy drugs are discovered and studied in various phases of clinical trials, these agents will continue to change the treatment landscape for bladder cancer patients. This review will discuss current available evidence and information and key pivotal trials using checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer.
Insights
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed bladder cancer treatment. This review examines current evidence and pivotal trials for these immunotherapies in bladder cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly impacted bladder urothelial cancer treatment.
- Controversies exist regarding ICI efficacy and application, including drug withdrawals and first-line approvals based on inconsistent trials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current evidence and pivotal clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer.
- To discuss the evolving treatment landscape for bladder cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current available evidence.
- Analysis of key pivotal clinical trials involving checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer.
Main Results:
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors are widely applied across various bladder cancer states.
- Ongoing debates surround their use, particularly in first-line settings and concerning specific agents like durvalumab and atezolizumab.
Conclusions:
- Novel immunotherapies continue to reshape bladder cancer treatment paradigms.
- Understanding pivotal trials and current evidence is crucial for optimizing patient care.
Related Concept Videos
02:57Targeted Cancer Therapies
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
01:27Tumor Immunotherapy