Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Lysozyme in the Diagnosis of Sarcoid Optic Neuropathy.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2026

Same author

Partial Regression of Myelinated Nerve Fiber Layer in a Patient With Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2025

Same author

The Sex Dependent and Independent Effects of Dietary Whey Proteins Are Passed from the Mother to the Offspring.

Molecular nutrition & food research·2024

Same author

Meningioma masquerading as orbital inflammation.

Eye (London, England)·2024

Same author

Formed Visual Hallucinations Precipitated by Eyelid Closure After Stroke.

Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society·2024

Same author

Detection of contractility changes in the heart from arterial blood pressure data using symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction.

Journal of pharmacological and toxicological methods·2024

Same journal

Mind the gender gap: how defining head trauma increases reporting in women aged 30-50.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same journal

Traditional Chinese medicine interventions for post-stroke cognitive impairment: an evidence mapping.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same journal

Acupuncture is independently associated with improved recovery in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a prospective observational study.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same journal

A convergence of global epidemics: diabetes as a modulator of neurodegenerative and neuro-inflammatory disorders.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same journal

Lumbar puncture opening pressure, brain network hub integrity, and delirium in herpes simplex virus encephalitis: a prospective cohort study.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

Same journal

Sleep deprivation: a comprehensive review of multisystem impacts, underlying mechanisms, and emerging interventions.

Frontiers in neurology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Diagnostic Evaluation of Visual Snow.

Michael S Vaphiades¹, Brendan Grondines¹, Kasey Cooper¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.

Frontiers in Neurology

|October 4, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with visual snow (VS) and VS syndrome (VSS) often have normal results on standard eye exams and visual field tests. Further testing like imaging or electrophysiology is only needed if initial evaluations are abnormal.

Keywords:

CT MRI OCT elecroretinography visual snow visual snow syndrome

More Related Videos

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients

Published on: April 14, 2014

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

Published on: July 21, 2020

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Visual snow (VS) is a rare neurological condition characterized by continuous, low-level visual noise.
Visual snow syndrome (VSS) encompasses VS with additional associated symptoms, requiring careful diagnostic evaluation.
Determining the appropriate diagnostic pathway for VS and VSS is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify criteria for standard ophthalmologic testing versus advanced investigations in patients with VS and VSS.
To differentiate patients who require basic visual field testing from those needing macular SD-OCT, electrophysiology, or neuroimaging.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 52 patients diagnosed with VS and VSS across three institutions (2015-2021).
Data collection included patient history, ophthalmic examination findings, and results from visual field tests, SD-OCT, electrophysiology (VEP, ffERG, mfERG), and neuroimaging (MRI).

Main Results:

Out of 52 patients, 8 met VSS criteria. Mean age was 25 years (range 7-79).
Most patients (92%) had normal color vision, and 88% had normal funduscopic exams.
Standard tests like Humphrey visual fields (86% normal) and VEPs (95% normal) were frequently normal; advanced testing (SD-OCT, ffERG, mfERG) was also largely normal, with only 4 patients showing abnormal electrophysiology. MRI was normal in 78% of cases, with one case of optic neuritis.

Conclusions:

For typical presentations of VS and VSS with normal initial testing, a thorough history, neuro-ophthalmologic exam, and automated perimetry suffice.
Abnormal findings during initial evaluations warrant further ancillary testing, including electrophysiology and neuroimaging, to investigate potential underlying pathologies.