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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Non-Coding RNA as Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Development and Clinical Management.

Tiange Chi1,2, Jiaran Lin3,4, Mina Wang4,5

  • 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|October 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) show promise as biomarkers for type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review explores their role in T2D pathology, diagnosis, and management, highlighting changes in ncRNAs during disease progression.

Keywords:
biomarkercircRNAsdiabeteslncRNAsmiRNAsncRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with complex etiology, including diet, lifestyle, and genetics.
  • Type 1 diabetes involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, while type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance.
  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate gene expression epigenetically and posttranscriptionally, impacting cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  • To explore the role of ncRNAs as potential biomarkers in T2D development.
  • To discuss the clinical management of T2D using ncRNA information.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on T2D pathogenesis and diagnosis.
  • Consolidation of current T2D treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of existing evidence on ncRNA alterations in T2D.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs are implicated in the epigenetic and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.
  • Changes in various ncRNAs correlate with pathological alterations in T2D.
  • ncRNAs exhibit potential as biomarkers for T2D diagnosis and monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs play a significant role in the molecular mechanisms underlying T2D.
  • ncRNAs offer a promising avenue for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in T2D.
  • Further research into ncRNA functions can enhance T2D management and patient outcomes.