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Related Concept Videos

Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

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The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins01:21

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

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Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...
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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry
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A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry

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Circulating platelet count and glycans.

Leonardo Rivadeneyra1, Hervé Falet1,2, Karin M Hoffmeister1,3

  • 1Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|October 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carbohydrates, particularly sialic acids, are key regulators of platelet removal and production. Understanding these carbohydrate-mediated mechanisms is vital for controlling platelet numbers and preventing bleeding or clotting disorders.

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Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Glycobiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Platelet count is critical for hemostasis, with imbalances leading to thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis.
  • Dysregulated platelet counts increase risks of bleeding and thrombosis.
  • Mechanisms controlling platelet production and removal are complex and not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding carbohydrate (glycan)-mediated regulation of platelet numbers.
  • To highlight the role of sialic acid moieties in platelet clearance.
  • To explore novel mechanisms and receptors involved in carbohydrate-mediated platelet removal.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Focus on studies investigating carbohydrate-binding receptors and platelet removal pathways.
  • Analysis of mechanisms linking platelet removal and production.

Main Results:

  • Carbohydrates (glycans) play a central role in mediating platelet removal.
  • Novel mechanisms of carbohydrate-mediated platelet clearance have been identified.
  • Specific carbohydrate-binding receptors are involved in the removal of platelets.

Conclusions:

  • Sialic acid moieties are crucial mediators of platelet clearance.
  • Understanding carbohydrate-related mechanisms is essential for regulating platelet numbers.
  • Further research into these pathways could lead to new therapeutic strategies for platelet disorders.