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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
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Evolution of sociability by artificial selection.

Andrew M Scott1, Ian Dworkin2, Reuven Dukas1

  • 1Animal Behaviour Group, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.

Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
|October 4, 2021
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Summary

Artificial selection on fruit flies revealed that sociability is a complex trait. Evolved high-sociability fruit flies were less aggressive, showing no costs to maintaining sociability.

Keywords:
AggressionDrosophila melanogasterartificial selectionmate choicesociabilitysocial behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Behavior
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Extensive research exists on the social behavior of group-living animals.
  • Apparently solitary species also exhibit complex social behaviors, representing a knowledge gap.
  • Sociability, the tendency for nonaggressive social interaction, is a key aspect of social behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic and evolutionary factors underlying sociability in fruit flies.
  • To quantify traits correlated with varying levels of sociability.
  • To determine if there are costs associated with high or low sociability.

Main Methods:

  • Artificial selection for sociability in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) populations over 25 generations.
  • Comparative analysis of sociability scores, aggression levels, and mating success between high- and low-sociability lineages.
  • Assessment of sociability maintenance after 10 generations of relaxed selection.

Main Results:

  • High-sociability fruit fly lineages exhibited approximately 50% higher sociability scores compared to low-sociability lineages.
  • No significant differences in mating success were observed between high- and low-sociability lineages.
  • Low-sociability lineages displayed significantly higher aggression in both males and females compared to high-sociability lineages.
  • Sociability scores remained stable after relaxed selection, indicating no apparent maintenance costs.

Conclusions:

  • Sociability is a complex, evolvable trait in fruit flies.
  • Selection for increased sociability leads to decreased aggression.
  • There may be no inherent fitness costs associated with maintaining high or low sociability under the studied conditions.
  • Further genomic studies are underway to elucidate the genetic architecture of sociability.