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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

15.7K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
45.3K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.8K
Predicting Molecular Geometry02:27

Predicting Molecular Geometry

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VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

28.4K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
28.4K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

19.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
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Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Ion Dynamics and Polymorphism in Cu20Te11Cl3.

Anna Vogel1, Tom Nilges1

  • 1Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching bei München 85748, Germany.

Inorganic Chemistry
|October 4, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Researchers investigated copper telluride chloride (Cu₂₀Te₁₁Cl₃), finding it

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry and materials science.
  • Exploration of coinage metal polychalcogenide halides.

Background:

  • Coinage metal polychalcogenide halides exhibit properties like ion conductivity and thermoelectricity.
  • Some materials display complex electronic structures, charge-density waves (CDWs), and p-n-p switching behavior.
  • The Cu-Te-Cl phase diagram is a target for discovering new switching materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new material, Cu₂₀Te₁₁Cl₃, within the Cu-Te-Cl system.
  • To investigate its structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties.
  • To determine if Cu₂₀Te₁₁Cl₃ exhibits charge-density waves (CDWs) or p-n-p switching behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and structural characterization of polymorphic Cu₂₀Te₁₁Cl₃.

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

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  • Determination of crystal structures for α ( > 450 K) and β (288–450 K) polymorphs.
  • Analysis of electronic structure and identification of dynamic cation/static anion substructures.
  • Temperature-dependent measurements of Seebeck coefficient and total conductivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Cu₂₀Te₁₁Cl₃ is trimorphic with phase transitions at 288 K and 450 K.
    • Two polymorphs (α and β) were structurally characterized, revealing complex chemistry and twinning.
    • The material exhibits a dynamic cation substructure and static anion substructure, confirming solid Cu-ion conductivity.
    • Linear Seebeck coefficient response and lack of CDWs or p-n-p switching were observed.

    Conclusions:

    • Cu₂₀Te₁₁Cl₃ is a solid Cu-ion conductor but does not exhibit CDWs or p-n-p switching.
    • The absence of CDWs is discussed in relation to its structural and electronic properties compared to known switching materials.
    • Further research into the factors preventing CDW formation in this material is warranted.